Granulating Systems
Granulating masisitimu anonziwo "vapfuri", akagadzirwa uye anoshandiswa kunyanya kugadzira mabhuru, shizha, simbi kana zvimedu zvimedu kuita zviyo zvakakodzera. Iwo matangi egranulating ari nyore kwazvo kubvisa kuti acheneswe. Dhonza mubato kuti ubvise nyore kwekuisa tangi. Muchina wekusarudza wevacuum pressure casting muchina kana unoenderera mberi uchikanda muchina une tangi regranulating mhinduro yeapo neapo giranulating zvakare. Granulating matangi anowanikwa kune ese mashini ari muVPC akatevedzana. Iyo yakajairwa mhando granulating masisitimu ane tangi ine mavhiri mana ari nyore kufamba mukati nekubuda.
Chii chinonzi metal granulation?
Granulation (kubva muchiLatin: granum = “zviyo”) inyanzvi yemupfuri wegoridhe apo pamusoro pechishongo chinoshongedzwa netunhu tudiki twesimbi yakakosha, inonzi magranules, zvichienderana nedhizaini patani. Zvitsva zvekare zvekuchera matongo zvematombo akaitwa nehunyanzvi uhu zvakawanikwa mumakuva ehumambo eUri, kuMesopotamia uye kudzokera ku2500 BC Kubva munzvimbo iyi, nzira iyi yakapararira kuAnatolia, kuSyria, kuTroy (2100 BC) uye pakupedzisira kuEtruria. (zana remakore rechisere BC). Kwakanga kuri kunyangarika zvishoma nezvishoma kwetsika dzeEtruscan pakati pezana ramakore rechitatu nerechipiri BC ndiko kwakakonzera kudzikira kwegranulation.1 MaGiriki ekare aishandisawo basa regranulation, asi mhizha dzeEtruria dzakava nemukurumbira nekuda kwehunyanzvi uhu nekuda kutumirwa kwavo kusinganzwisisike kwehupfu hwakatsetseka granulation2 pasina kuoneka kushandiswa kwehard solder.
Granulation ingangove isinganzwisisike uye inonakidza yemaitiro ekare ekushongedza. Yakaunzwa nemhizha Fenici naGreci kuEtruria muzana ramakore rechisere BC, uko ruzivo rwesimbi uye kushandiswa kwesimbi dzakakosha zvakange zvatove padanho repamusoro, nyanzvi yeEtruscan vapfuri vegoridhe vakaita nzira iyi yavo kugadzira mabasa eumhizha hwekuoma kusingaenzaniswi uye runako.
Mukati mehafu yekutanga yemakore ekuma1800 mafukuro akati wandei akaitwa munharaunda yeRoma (Cerveteri, Toscanella neVulci) uye Maodzanyemba kweRussia (iyo Kertch neTaman peninsulas) yakaratidza zvishongo zvekare zveEtruscan neGreek. Zvishongo izvi zvakashongedzwa negranulation. Zvishongo zvakauya kune veCastellani Mhuri yezvishongo vaibatanidzwa zvakanyanya mukutsvakurudza kwezvishongo zvekare. Zvakawanikwa kubva kunzvimbo dzekuvigwa dzeEtruscan zvakakwezva kutarisisa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekushandisa kwavo magranules akanyanya kunaka. Alessandro Castellani akadzidza zvinhu izvi zvakadzama kuti aedze kuburitsa nzira yavo yekugadzira. Yakanga isiri kusvika pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20, mushure mekufa kwaCastellani, iyo pikicha yecolloidal / eutectic soldering yakagadziriswa.
Kunyange zvazvo chakavanzika chakaramba chiri chakavanzika kune veCastellanis nevairarama navo, zvishongo zvichangobva kuwanikwa zveEtruscan zvakakonzera rumutsiridzo rwezvishongo zvekuchera matongo kuma1850. Nzira dzekugadzira goridhe dzakawanikwa dzakagonesa Castellani nevamwe kuti vakwanise kuberekazve zvimwe zvezvishongo zvekare zvakanakisa zvakambocherwa. Mazhinji ehunyanzvi uhu hwakanga hwakasiyana neaya akashandiswa neveEtruscans asi achiri kuburitsa mhedzisiro. Zvizhinji zveizvi Archaeological Revival jewelry zvinhu zvino mune zvakakosha zvishongo zvekuunganidza pasi rose, pamwe chete nevamwe vavo vekare.
GRANULES
Iyo granules inogadzirwa kubva kune imwechete alloy sesimbi iyo iyo ichashandiswa. Imwe nzira inotanga nekuburitsa bepa rakatetepa resimbi uye kukwesha mipendero yakatetepa kwazvo kumucheto. Mupendero wakachekwa uye mhedzisiro yacho madiki madiki kana maplatelet esimbi. Imwe nzira yekugadzira zviyo inoshandisa waya yakatetepa yakavharidzirwa yakatenderedza mandrel yakatetepa, senge tsono. Koiri inozochekwa kuita zvindori zvidiki zvekusvetuka. Izvi zvinogadzira zvindori zvakaenzanirana izvo zvinoita kuti pave nemagranules akaenzana. Chinangwa ndechekugadzira mativi akawanda akaenzana saizi ine dhayamita isingapfuuri 1 mm.
Maplatelet esimbi kana zvindori zvekusvetuka zvakaputirwa nehupfu hwemarasha kudzivirira kunamatirana panguva yekupfurwa. Pasi pechibhorani chakafukidzwa nemarasha uye masimbi esimbi anosaswa kuitira kuti aenzane sezvinobvira. Izvi zvinoteverwa nehutsva hutsva hwehupfu hwemarasha uye zvimwe zvimedu zvesimbi kusvikira crucible inenge mitatu-matatu izere. Iyo crucible inotungidzwa muchoto kana muhovhoni, uye zvidimbu zvesimbi zvakakosha zvinopinda muzvikamu zvidiki pakunyungudika kwekushisa kwealloy yavo. Aya mativi achangobva kugadzirwa anosiiwa kuti atonhore. Gare gare ivo vanocheneswa mumvura kana, kana nzira yekusimbisa ichashandiswa, yakabikwa muasidhi.
Magranules ehukuru husina kuenzana haakwanise kugadzira dhizaini inofadza. Sezvo zvisingagoneki kuti mupfuri wegoridhe agadzire mativi akaenzana ehupamhi hwakafanana, magranules anofanira kurongwa asati ashandiswa. Mutsara wemasefa anoshandiswa kugadzirisa magranules.
Unogadzira sei goridhe shoti?
Maitiro ekugadzira goridhe kupfura ari kungodurura goridhe rakanyungudutswa zvishoma nezvishoma mumvura mushure mekunge wapisa? Kana kuti unozviita zvose panguva imwe chete? Chii chinangwa chekugadzira goridhe kupfura pane ingots ect.
Kupfurwa kwegoridhe hakugadzirike nekudurura kubva pamuromo wegaba. Inofanira kubudiswa kuburikidza ne nozzle. Unogona kugadzira iri nyore nekuboora kaburi kadiki (1/8") pasi pedhishi rinonyunguduka, rinobva raiswa pamusoro pegaba rako remvura, mwenje uchirira pandiro, uchitenderedza gomba. iyo goridhe kubva muchando mundiro painotamiswa kubva mundiro yakanyunguduka umo hupfu hwegoridhe hunonyungudutswa nezvikonzero zvagara zvakandiomera kuti ndinzwisise, izvo zvinoumba kupfurwa, panzvimbo yezviyo.
Shot inosarudzwa nevaya vanoshandisa goridhe, nekuti inoita kuti kuyera huwandu hunodiwa kuve nyore. Vapfuri vegoridhe vakachenjera havanyungududzike goridhe rakawanda panguva imwe chete, zvikasadaro zvinogona kutungamirira kukukandwa kusina kukwana (gas inclusions).
Nekunyungudutsa chete huwandu hunodiwa, iyo diki yasara (sprue) inogona kunyungudutswa nebatch rinotevera, kuvimbisa kuti goridhe rakanyungudutswa hariunganidzi.
Dambudziko rekunyungudusa goridhe nguva nenguva nderekuti simbi yepasi (kazhinji mhangura, asi isina kuganhurirwa kumhangura) inoisa oxidize uye inotanga kugadzira gasi rinoungana muhomwe diki mukukanda. Zvizhinji zvishongo zvese zvinokandira zvakave nechiitiko ichocho, uye kazhinji zvinoverengera kuti nei vasingadi, kana kusada kushandisa goridhe rakamboshandiswa kare.